A beginners guide to CBD, CBD Products
How to Choose CBD: A Plain-English Guide for First-Time Buyers
Aug
Table of Contents
What is CBD and how do you choose the right product as a first-time buyer? With so many options available, from oils and capsules to gummies and balms, understanding cannabidiol and selecting quality products can feel overwhelming.
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of over one hundred cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. It should not be confused with marijuana that some people smoke, as CBD is a non-psychoactive substance that has gained attention for its potential health benefits. Cannabis sativa, the flowers of which are also known as marijuana, is a plant that contains many chemicals. CBD is different from tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) – also a substance from the cannabis plant. The latter is responsible for the ‘high’ typically associated with marijuana, whilst CBD does not produce intoxicating effects.
The World Health Organisation considers CBD safe for use as a food supplement, noting it exhibits no effects indicative of abuse or dependence potential. CBD interacts with your body’s endocannabinoid system, which helps regulate important functions like pain, mood, sleep, and immune response. Many people use CBD for chronic pain, anxiety, sleep support, and various other wellness purposes.
However, choosing CBD products presents several challenges for newcomers. Not all CBD products clearly indicate how much CBD you’re actually consuming on the label. Terms like “full-spectrum,” “broad-spectrum,” and “isolate” might seem confusing if you’re new to CBD.
This guide will help you understand what CBD oil is, what CBD is used for, and how to choose the right CBD product that meets your specific needs. We’ll explore the different types available and what to look for when making your first purchase.
What is CBD and how does it work?
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of over 80 chemical compounds found in the Cannabis sativa plant, alongside tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). We’ve already established that CBD doesn’t cause the “high” sensation typically associated with cannabis use, but how exactly does it work in the body?
Understanding the endocannabinoid system
The human body has a system called the endocannabinoid system that helps regulate pain, mood, sleep, and other important functions. Discovered in the early 1990s by researchers studying THC, the ECS is a complex cell-signalling network that helps regulate crucial bodily functions. This system exists and remains active in your body whether you use cannabis or not.
The body produces natural substances called endocannabinoids, which bind to special receptors in the body. The ECS comprises three main components:
1. Endocannabinoids
Molecules naturally produced by your body that bind to cannabinoid receptors. The two primary endocannabinoids are anandamide (named after the Sanskrit word for “bliss”) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).
2. Receptors
Found throughout your body, these include CB1 receptors (mostly in the brain and central nervous system) and CB2 receptors (predominantly in the immune system and peripheral tissues).
3. Enzymes
Proteins that break down endocannabinoids once they’ve served their purpose.
The primary function of the ECS appears to be maintaining homeostasis—your body’s ability to keep internal systems stable despite external changes. It helps regulate sleep, mood, appetite, memory, pain perception, immune function, and more.
How CBD works in your body
CBD doesn’t bind directly to cannabinoid receptors like THC does. Instead, it works through several different mechanisms:
CBD acts as a “reuptake inhibitor” that prolongs the natural lifecycle of your endocannabinoids, allowing them to exert more effects. This gives them more time to activate your receptors and help reduce pain sensations.
There is still some uncertainty around how it works, but what we do know is that CBD interacts with various other receptors beyond the ECS, including serotonin receptors (affecting mood), vanilloid receptors (influencing pain perception), and GABA receptors (regulating stress response).
Research suggests CBD may help with anxiety, insomnia, chronic pain, and inflammation. Notably, Epidiolex, a prescription CBD product, has received FDA approval for treating certain forms of epilepsy.
Key differences between CBD and THC
Despite having identical molecular formulas (21 carbon atoms, 30 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms), CBD and THC affect your body quite differently:
Psychoactive effects: THC produces a “high” by binding to CB1 receptors in the brain; CBD does not cause intoxication.
Receptor interaction: THC binds directly with CB1 receptors; CBD has a low binding affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors and works through alternative pathways.
Side effects: THC may cause temporary side effects like dry mouth, red eyes, slower response times, and memory issues. CBD is generally well-tolerated with minimal side effects such as fatigue or nausea.
Legal status: CBD derived from hemp (cannabis plants with less than 0.3% THC) is more widely available than THC in many regions.
CBD may actually counteract some of THC’s unwanted effects. Research indicates that CBD can reduce the psychoactive impact of THC when both compounds are present together.
Both compounds come from the same plant and share similar chemical structures, but they offer distinctly different effects and potential benefits, making CBD an appealing option for those seeking health benefits without intoxication.
Types of CBD: Isolate, Broad-Spectrum, and Full-Spectrum
When choosing CBD products, you’ll encounter three main types that differ in their cannabinoid content and plant compounds. Understanding these differences helps you select the most suitable option for your needs.
CBD isolate: Pure cannabidiol
CBD isolate represents the purest form of cannabidiol available, containing 99% or more CBD with all other cannabis plant compounds removed. Manufacturers use a multi-step extraction process, typically employing CO2 under high pressure and low temperatures, before refining it through winterisation and distillation.
This crystalline powder or slab offers several advantages:
- Contains only CBD with no other cannabinoids, terpenes, or flavonoids
- Completely tasteless and odourless
- Free from THC, making it suitable for those wanting to avoid this compound entirely
- Allows precise dosage control due to its purity
CBD isolate proves particularly versatile – you can add it to foods, drinks, or skincare products without altering their flavour or scent. For first-time users concerned about THC exposure or those subject to drug testing, isolate provides peace of mind.
However, CBD isolate lacks what’s known as the “entourage effect,” potentially making it less effective than other forms at equal doses.
Full-spectrum: Complete plant benefits
Full-spectrum CBD contains all components of the cannabis plant, including various cannabinoids (CBD, CBG, CBN), terpenes responsible for aroma and taste, flavonoids adding antioxidant properties, and a small amount of THC (less than 0.3%).
The primary benefit lies in the “entourage effect” – a synergistic interaction where all plant compounds work together to enhance each other’s effectiveness. This suggests that cannabis compounds may be more effective when taken together rather than in isolation.
Research supports this theory. A 2018 study found that full-spectrum CBD was more effective for pain relief than CBD isolate because of the combined effects of CBD and THC. Similarly, patients with epilepsy required lower doses of CBD-dominant cannabis extract compared to pure CBD to reduce seizure frequency.
Given its wider range of compounds, full-spectrum CBD may produce stronger effects than other types, particularly at higher doses.
Broad-spectrum: THC-free compromise
Broad-spectrum CBD offers a middle ground between the other options. It contains most cannabis plant compounds found in full-spectrum products – including various cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids – but with THC removed or reduced to trace amounts.
This type theoretically retains many beneficial compounds contributing to the entourage effect whilst eliminating or minimising THC content. Broad-spectrum products may provide some synergistic benefits with minimal THC exposure risk.
Broad-spectrum CBD suits certain users particularly well:
- Individuals sensitive to THC or concerned about drug testing
- Those seeking more complete benefits than isolate provides
- People wanting entourage effects without THC’s potential impact
Although manufacturers work to remove all THC, some broad-spectrum products may contain trace amounts. Additionally, these products often contain lower levels of terpenes, flavonoids, and other cannabinoids compared to full-spectrum options.
Which type should you choose? If you’re seeking maximum therapeutic potential and aren’t concerned about THC, full-spectrum may be most suitable. If you need certainty about THC avoidance, CBD isolate provides the purest option. Broad-spectrum offers a balanced approach between these two choices.
CBD Product Formats Explained
Understanding the different ways you can take CBD helps you choose the format that best suits your lifestyle and needs. Each delivery method offers distinct advantages for onset time, duration, and ease of use.
CBD oils and tinctures
CBD oils and tinctures remain the most common products on the market, typically delivered in bottles with droppers for precise dosing. Although often used interchangeably, they differ in their extraction methods—oils use carrier oils like coconut, whereas tinctures use alcohol as a base.
For maximum effectiveness, place drops under your tongue (sublingually) and hold for 60-90 seconds before swallowing. This method allows CBD to bypass the digestive system, entering the bloodstream directly through the mucous membranes. Effects typically begin within 15-30 minutes. You can also add drops to food or drinks, though absorption will be slower.
Capsules and softgels
CBD capsules and softgels provide pre-measured doses that fit easily into existing supplement routines. The primary difference lies in their structure—capsules contain powdered CBD in a hard shell, whilst softgels encapsulate CBD oil in a gelatinous coating.
Softgels often dissolve more quickly in the body and may offer higher bioavailability due to their oil-based formulation. Both formats typically take 20-40 minutes to begin working after ingestion. First-time users often prefer these formats for their consistent dosing, discretion, and lack of hemp taste.
Edibles: gummies and drinks
CBD-infused edibles provide a discreet, flavourful alternative to oils. Gummies have become increasingly popular, particularly for newcomers, thanks to their familiar format and precise dosing (typically 5-25mg per piece).
However, edibles must undergo digestion first, meaning effects take longer—usually one to three hours—and overall absorption rates are lower compared to sublingual methods. Experts suggest consuming CBD with high-fat foods to increase bioavailability.
Topicals: creams and balms
Applied directly to the skin, CBD topicals work locally rather than systemically. These products come in various forms including balms (solid at room temperature with higher oil content), creams (balanced oil-to-water ratio), and ointments (highest concentration of active ingredients).
Topicals may be particularly beneficial for those with muscle soreness, joint inflammation, or skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis. Unlike other formats, only small amounts enter the bloodstream, making them suitable for targeted relief.
Vapes and inhalables
Vaping offers the fastest absorption method as CBD enters the bloodstream directly through the lungs, with effects often noticeable within minutes. CBD vape products typically contain CBD extract mixed with carriers like propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG).
Despite their rapid onset, vapes require proper equipment and technique. It’s worth noting that you should avoid products containing harmful additives like vitamin E acetate or essential oils. First-time users might start with disposable vape pens before considering refillable systems.
How to choose the right CBD for you
Selecting the right CBD product depends on understanding your specific needs and knowing what to look for in quality products. Rather than choosing randomly, consider these key factors to find a CBD product that works effectively and safely.
Consider your goals: What is CBD used for?
CBD is often considered for several conditions. People typically use CBD for anxiety, chronic pain, sleep disorders, and inflammation. Different conditions may require varying approaches—someone seeking relief from severe pain might start with 40 mg daily, whilst those addressing sleep issues might find 300 mg more appropriate.
If you’re considering using CBD, you should speak to your GP or other healthcare professional to ensure that it is safe and appropriate for you to do so. This is particularly important if you are experiencing any concerning symptoms, if you have any pre-existing conditions or if you are taking any medication.
Check for third-party lab reports
Third-party testing is perhaps the most critical factor when choosing quality CBD. These independent laboratory analyses verify cannabinoid content, check for contaminants, and confirm THC levels. Most large health food stores will stock CBD products, but as it is classed as a ‘food supplement’ rather than a ‘medicinal product’, it isn’t regulated in the UK.
Always look for a Certificate of Analysis (COA) that includes:
- Batch number matching your product
- CBD/THC potency breakdown
- Pass/fail status for heavy metals and solvents
- Recent date of analysis
For this reason, there is no guarantee that these products will be of good quality or provide the intended health benefits.
Understand CBD concentration and dosage
CBD dosage varies based on body weight, individual chemistry, and the condition being treated. The Food Standards Agency has updated its advice to recommend that people don’t consume more than 10mg of CBD a day (the equivalent of 4-5 drops of 5% CBD oil).
For newcomers, initially taking 20-40 mg daily and gradually increasing by 5 mg weekly is often recommended. Many experts suggest starting with the lowest effective dose—lighter individuals might begin with 5-10 mg, whilst those of average weight might prefer 10-20 mg. Some products available on the UK market will have a daily dose recommendation above this, so check labels carefully.
Look for organic and traceable sources
Quality CBD typically comes from organically grown hemp without pesticides or herbicides. Full traceability from seed to shelf indicates a transparent supply chain and higher standards. Some companies use CO₂ extraction methods, widely considered among the cleanest and purest extraction techniques.
However, it is important to note that this research is still in its infancy and more studies are needed. Finding your ideal CBD product requires balancing these factors according to your personal requirements whilst prioritising safety and quality.
Safety, Side Effects and Legal Considerations
Understanding CBD’s safety profile and legal status is essential before starting any CBD product. Although CBD is generally well-tolerated, there are important considerations for first-time users.
CBD and medication interactions
CBD might compete with liver enzymes that process medications, affecting their concentration in your bloodstream. Caution is necessary if you take:
- Blood thinners like warfarin
- Heart medications such as amiodarone
- Seizure treatments including clobazam and valproate
CBD can increase sedation when combined with substances causing drowsiness, namely opioids, benzodiazepines, or alcohol.
Is CBD legal in the UK?
Contrary to popular belief, CBD oil is legal in the UK, as it is not a controlled substance. However, products must contain less than 0.3% THC or no more than 1mg THC per package. Every CBD product must originate from EU-grown hemp and be registered as a novel food.
Is CBD oil safe for everyone?
If you’re considering using CBD oil, you should speak to your GP or other healthcare professional to ensure that it is safe and appropriate for you to do so.
The Food Standards Agency advises healthy adults to limit consumption to 10mg daily (approximately 4-5 drops of 5% CBD oil). CBD is not recommended for children under 18, pregnant women, or those taking medications unless under medical supervision. This is particularly important if you are experiencing any concerning symptoms, if you have any pre-existing conditions or if you are taking any medication.
The recommended limit on consumption of CBD is due to research suggesting that prolonged high consumption might lead to liver damage or thyroid issues.
Conclusion
Choosing CBD as a first-time buyer requires understanding several key factors. This guide has explained what CBD is – a non-psychoactive compound that interacts with your endocannabinoid system to potentially support wellness without causing a “high.” We’ve also examined the differences between CBD isolate, broad-spectrum, and full-spectrum products to help you understand which might suit your needs.
The variety of available formats offers flexibility depending on your preferences. Whether you choose oils for faster absorption, capsules for precise dosing, gummies for convenience, balms for targeted relief, or other formats, each delivery method provides distinct benefits.
Quality remains essential when selecting CBD products. Look for third-party lab reports confirming potency and purity. Start with lower doses, gradually increasing until you find what works for your body. Consider organic sources and clean extraction methods for the best experience.
Although CBD generally has a good safety profile, side effects can occur, especially when combined with certain medications. If you’re considering using CBD oil, you should speak to your GP or other healthcare professional to ensure that it is safe and appropriate for you to do so. This is particularly important if you are experiencing any concerning symptoms, if you have any pre-existing conditions or if you are taking any medication.
Legal CBD products in the UK must contain less than 0.3% THC or no more than 1mg THC per package and should come from approved hemp sources. The Food Standards Agency recommends that healthy adults limit consumption to 10mg daily (approximately 4-5 drops of 5% CBD oil).
With this knowledge, you can make an informed decision about CBD products that align with your wellness goals. Remember to start slowly, choose quality products with proper testing, and seek professional guidance when appropriate.
Key Takeaways
Understanding CBD basics empowers you to make informed purchasing decisions and avoid common first-time buyer mistakes.
• Start with 5-20mg daily and increase gradually by 5mg weekly to find your optimal dose safely
• Always verify third-party lab reports showing cannabinoid content, THC levels, and contaminant testing
• Full-spectrum offers maximum benefits through the entourage effect, whilst isolate provides THC-free purity
• Sublingual oils work fastest (15-30 minutes), whilst edibles take longer but last longer (1-3 hours)
• Consult your doctor before starting CBD, especially if taking medications or having health conditions
The key to successful CBD use lies in starting low, going slow, and choosing quality products from reputable sources with proper testing documentation.
FAQs
Q1. What’s the best way for a beginner to start using CBD? For first-time users, it’s recommended to start with a low dose of 5-20mg daily. Choose a product with clear labelling, such as CBD oil or capsules, and gradually increase the dose by 5mg weekly until you find the right amount for your needs.
Q2. How can I ensure I’m buying a quality CBD product? Look for products with third-party lab reports, also known as Certificates of Analysis (COA). These should verify the CBD content, confirm THC levels are within legal limits, and show the product is free from contaminants. Choose CBD from organically grown hemp and companies that provide full traceability.
Q3. What’s the difference between full-spectrum, broad-spectrum, and CBD isolate? Full-spectrum CBD contains all cannabis plant compounds, including a small amount of THC. Broad-spectrum has most compounds but no THC. CBD isolate is pure CBD with no other cannabinoids. Full-spectrum may offer enhanced benefits due to the ‘entourage effect’, while isolate is best for those wanting to avoid THC entirely.
Q4. How long does it take for CBD to work? The onset time varies depending on the method of consumption. Sublingual oils typically take effect within 15-30 minutes. Edibles like gummies may take 1-3 hours to work but tend to last longer. Vaping provides the fastest effects, often within minutes.
Q5. Is CBD safe to use with other medications? CBD can interact with certain medications, particularly those metabolised by liver enzymes. It’s crucial to consult your doctor before using CBD if you’re taking any medications, especially blood thinners, heart medications, or seizure treatments. Your doctor can advise on potential interactions and safe usage.